Afrontando la incertidumbre en pandemia: construyendo paz desde la prosocialidad / Facing uncertainty in pandemic times: peacebuilding from a prosociality stance / Enfrentando a incerteza na pandemica: construindo paz a partir de uma posição com base na prosocialidade

El estudio de la construcción de paz desde una postura con base en los comportamientos prosociales es un área nueva en la investigación psicosocial en Bolivia, mucho más si se tiene la intención de rescatar y resaltar la presencia de salud psicológica comunitaria aun en una época caracterizada por una poderosa incertidumbre producto de la combinación de dos factores: la inestabilidad y violencia política sumada a la presencia de la pandemia Covid-19 y la emergencia sanitaria derivada de ella. En esta investigación han participado 400 adultos jóvenes de entre 20 y 30 años de edad (162 varones y 268 mujeres de las ciudades de La Paz - 255 participantes - y El Alto - 155 participantes) con el objetivo de describir la relación entre tipos específicos de respuesta a la incertidumbre (político-económica y sanitaria) y conductas prosociales asociadas a ella durante la pandemia Covid-19. Se ha encontrado una correlación positiva significativa entre la presencia de Prosocialidad y la Respuesta a la Incertidumbre, implicándose la posibilidad de comportamientos de construcción de paz como mecanismos de adaptación a la misma. También se ha establecido que existe igualdad en un grado amplio con respecto a la magnitud de comportamientos prosociales entre La Paz y El Alto y que en las zonas donde se han registrado más casos positivos también se ha encontrado una mayor presencia de prosocialidad en especial en la ciudad de La Paz, existiendo, finalmente, ciertas diferencias específicas entre varones y mujeres en cuanto a la ejecución y orientación de comportamientos prosociales in-pandemia.

Peacebuilding studies from a prosociality stance is a new area in psychosocial research in Bolivia, even more if there is an academic marked intention to rescue and highlight the presence of psychological communal health, in a time characterized by a powerful uncertainty derived from the combination of two unfortunate factors: political violence and instability coupled with the presence of the Covid-19 pandemic and the subsequent sanitary emergency and social stress. In this research, 400 young adults have participated, all of them among 20 to 30 years old (162 men and 268 women) from La Paz and El Alto cities, with the objective of describing the relationship between specific mechanisms to face uncertainty and the possible presence of associated prosocial behaviors in 2020 and 2021. A positive, significant correlation was found between prosociality and effective uncertainty-facing mechanisms, implying the possibility to execute peacebuilding conducts as a way to adapt to the pandemic. It has also been established that there is a great degree of similitude in regards to effective prosocial behaviors in La Paz and in El Alto cities, that in the zones where a greater number of positive cases was found, there was also a larger presence of prosociality, especially in La Paz, and that there are detailed executional differences between men and women in terms of prosocial in-pandemic behavior.

O estudo da construção da paz a partir de uma posição baseada em comportamentos pró-sociais é uma nova área na pesquisa psicossocial na Bolívia, muito mais se a intenção é resgatar e destacar a presença de saúde psicológica comunitária mesmo em uma época caracterizada por um poderoso produto da incerteza do combinação de dois fatores: instabilidade e violência política somadas à presença da pandemia Covid-19 e a emergência de saúde derivada dela. 400 jovens adultos entre 20 e 30 anos (162 homens e 268 mulheres das cidades de La Paz - 255 participantes - e El Alto - 155 participantes) participaram desta pesquisa com o objetivo de descrever a relação entre tipos específicos de resposta à incerteza (político-econômica e de saúde) e aos comportamentos pró-sociais associados a ela durante a pandemia de Covid-19. Encontrou-se uma correlação positiva significativa entre a presença da Prosocialidade e a Resposta à Incerteza, implicando na possibilidade de comportamentos de construção da paz como mecanismos de adaptação a ela. Também foi estabelecido que existe uma grande igualdade com respeito à magnitude do comportamento pró-social entre La Paz e El Alto e que nas áreas onde mais casos positivos foram registrados, uma maior presença de pró-socialidade também foi encontrada. especialmente na cidade de La Paz, havendo, finalmente, certas diferenças específicas entre homens e mulheres quanto à execução e orientação de comportamentos pró-sociais em situação de pandemia.

Trait emotional intelligence as predictor of psychological health in undergraduate medical students: A hierarchical multiple regression approach

Objectives: Trait emotional intelligence (TEI) is a key personality construct by which an individual recognizes, understands, expresses and regulates emotions in self and others to adapt to environments or achieve one’s goals. TEI skills are modifiable and have a potential to significantly influence psychological health (PH) of a person. The aims of current work were to evaluate relationship between TEI and PH of medical students and to explore the incremental validity of TEI to predict psychological distress beyond sociodemographic and educational factors in them. Materials and Methods: One hundred and thirty-two medical students (mean age 18.02 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. TEI and PH were assessed using TEI questionnaire short form (TEIQue-sf) and depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21), respectively. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was carried out to determine if scores on TEIQue-sf added significantly to the prediction of psychological symptoms in medical students. Results: There was a significant negative association (r = ?0.57, P < 0.001) between TEIQue-sf and DASS-21 scores. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that after controlling for sociodemographic and educational variables, TEIQue-sf scores explained a statistically significant increment of variance (P < 0.001) in DASS-21 scores. TEI emerged as best predictor of psychological distress of medical students followed by educational factors. However, sociodemographic profile as an attribute failed to demonstrate significant capacity to predict PH of our participants. Conclusion: Our results indicate that TEI is a robust and unique predictor of better PH and plays a positive role in promoting psychological well-being

Effect of spiritual practices on higher brain functions, psychological health, and stress response

Background: Spiritual beliefs include the relationship to a superior being and recognition of a sense that there is something greater than myself. Psychological health is not just absence of mental disorder but a state of well-being in which an individual realizes his/her own abilities, can cope up with normal stresses of life, can work productively, and is able to make a contribution to his/her community. Aims and Objectives: The present study was designed to analyze the impact of spiritual practices on memory, cognitive functions, psychological health, adjustment level, and stress response. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in two phases on 150 subjects. In the first phase of study, subjects were divided into low, average and high spirituality groups on the basis of spirituality scores. Each group was required to perform memory test, stroop test along-with assessment of psychological health, and adjustment level. Their basal level of stress parameters was recorded. A stressor was introduced and stress parameters were again assessed. Subjects were asked to perform spiritual practices for 1 month duration and the parameters were again assessed. ANOVA and post hoc tests were used for inter group comparison. Student’s t-test was used to analyze data between baseline values and post spirituality values for various parameters. Results: On comparison of parameters in low, average and high spirituality groups, significant and non-significant results were obtained at baseline level and after 1 month practice of spirituality. Conclusion: Spiritual practices have positive effect on parameters studied.

Factors affecting dissociative tendency among middle school students / 预防医学

Abstract@#Objective To investigate the prevalence of dissociative tendency and its influencing factors among middle school students, so as to provide insights into prevention and early interventions of adolescent dissociative tendency.@* Methods@# Students at ages of 13 to 18 years that studied in 9 high schools were sampled using a multistage, stratified, cluster sampling method from 3 counties (districts) of Hangzhou City from January, 2021 and March, 2022. Participants' demographics and social, school, family environment and psychological factors were collected using self-designed questionnaires and standardized scales. The dissociative tendency was initially screened using the Adolescent Dissociative Experience Scale (A-DES), and the diagnosed by three psychiatrists according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th Edition). Factors affecting ADT were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. @*Results@# Totally 3 240 students were recruited, and 2 841 students were qualified, with a response rate of 87.69%. The respondents included 1 389 men (48.89%) and 1 452 women (51.11%), and had a mean age of (15.69±1.58) years. The prevalence of dissociative tendency was 24.04%, and the detection of dissociative tendency was higher among men than among women (29.23% vs. 19.08%; χ2=24.529, P<0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified negative teacher-student relationship (OR=1.055, 95%CI: 1.010-1.103), family emotional expressiveness (OR=0.872, 95%CI: 0.777-0.978), family conflict (OR=1.152, 95%CI: 1.045-1.271), family organization (OR=0.880, 95%CI: 0.780-0.992) and family cohesion (OR=0.871, 95%CI: 0.766-0.987) as factors affecting dissociative tendency among men, and somatization (OR=1.041, 95%CI: 1.002-1.082) and paranoid ideation (OR=1.094, 95%CI: 1.006-1.190) as factors affecting dissociative tendency among women. @*Conclusions@# The prevalence of dissociative tendency was 24.04% among middle school students. Negative teacher-student relationship, family emotional expressiveness, family conflict, family organization, and family cohesion may affect dissociative tendency among men, while somatization and paranoid ideation may affect dissociative tendency among women.

Heterogeneity of psychological and behavioral adaptation characteristics of pediatric recipients after liver transplantation based on latent profile analysis / 器官移植

Objective To explore heterogeneous subtypes of psychological and behavioral adaptation characteristics of pediatric recipients after liver transplantation and the characteristics differences of different types of children after liver transplantation. Methods Seven hundred and forty-one children who underwent living-related liver transplantation were enrolled. The self-designed general information questionnaire, Chinese version of 5-Item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) and the parent-report version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were filled out by their guardians. The scores of five dimensions of SDQ were used as the manifest variables of the model. The classification model of psychological and behavioral adaptation characteristics of pediatric recipients after liver transplantation was constructed by latent profile analysis. The latent categories of psychological and behavioral adaptation characteristics of pediatric recipients after liver transplantation were analyzed. The influencing factors of latent categories were analyzed by univariate analysis and logistic regression model. Results There were three latent categories of psychological and behavioral adaptation characteristics of pediatric recipients after liver transplantation, including peer communication problem group (n=302), psychological and behavioral adaptation group (n=145) and psychological and behavioral adjustment difficulty group (n=294). The first two groups were merged into the psychological and behavioral health group (n=447), which had significant differences in the five dimensions and the total score of difficulties of SDQ compared with the psychological and behavioral adjustment difficulty group (n=294) (all P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that age≤5 years old, primary disease of non-cholestatic liver disease, stem family were the risk factors for psychological and behavioral adjustment difficulties in pediatric recipients after liver transplantation. Female gender, high education levels of parents and high WHO-5 score of guardians were the protective factors for psychological and behavioral adjustment difficulties in pediatric recipients after liver transplantation (all P<0.05). Conclusions The psychological and behavioral adaptation characteristics of pediatric recipients after liver transplantation are heterogeneous. Medical staff should pay extensive attention to different characteristics of pediatric recipients after liver transplantation with different psychological and behavioral adaptation categories and adopt targeted screening and intervention strategies, aiming to improve psychological and behavioral adaptation outcomes of pediatric recipients after liver transplantation.

Health status of elderly residents in Beijing city: a survey and analysis based on the Health Criteria for Older Adults in China(2022) / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To evaluate and analyze the health status of elderly people from the physical, psychological and social aspects using the Health Criteria for Older Adults in China(2022), and to understand the impact of social demographic characteristics on the overall health status of the elderly.Methods:159 elderly people aged 60 years and over in the Lanyuan community of Malianwa Subdistrict, Haidian District, Beijing were selected by the stratified sampling method, with a mean age of(70.7±7.9)years, including 74 men and 85 women.The physical, psychological, social and overall health status of the elderly were comprehensively evaluated and analyzed from data collected through a self-designed questionnaire with face-to-face interviews at respondents' homes.Results:The percentage of participants in this community who were considered overall healthy was 30.2%(n=48). The proportions of those meeting the criteria for physical, mental and social health were 79.2%(n=126), 90.6%(n=144)and 32.1%(n=51), respectively.For participants of 3 age groups(60-69, n=89; 70-79, n=44; ≥80, n=26), differences in percentages of people who were considered not healthy, largely healthy and healthy, measured using the overall, physical, mental and social health criteria, were statistically significant( χ2=24.683, 57.096, 12.801, 11.802, all P<0.05), and results of the χ2test for trend showed that the frequency distribution of people with overall, physical, mental and social health decreased with age( χ2=16.878, 31.600, 9.626, 9.626, all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that education level( OR=2.142, 95% CI: 1.053-4.538, P=0.035)was an influencing factor for overall health status of the elderly. Conclusions:The overall health status of community-dwelling elderly people in Beijing is relatively poor and deteriorates with age.Education level is a factor affecting their health status.Health assessment for the elderly should be strongly advocated, and targeted health education should be provided for the elderly in disease prevention and mental health care.

Bem-estar subjetivo de residentes da região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro durante a COVID-19 / Subjective well-being of residents of the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan region during COVID-19 / Bienestar subjetivo de residentes de la región metropolitana de Río de Janeiro durante el COVID-19

Objetivo: identificar o nível do bem-estar subjetivo e seus fatores associados em residentes na região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Método: estudo transversal, com amostra de 143 residentes nessa região, de janeiro a maio de 2021. Os cinco itens do Índice de Bem-Estar da OMS-5 integraram o questionário eletrônico, autoadministrado. Análise pelos testes de Mann-Whitney, Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher, p-valor˂0,05. Resultados: o escore do bem-estar subjetivo da amostra foi de 51,1, sendo esse escore menor nos homens (46,04) do que nas mulheres (53,42). O bem-estar apresentou associação estatística com adoecimento pela COVID-19; residência na Baixada Fluminense; sentimentos de tédio, frustração, aborrecimento, angústia, solidão e nervosismo durante o isolamento social; e risco de exposição ao SARS-CoV-2 no transporte alternativo. Conclusão: o bem-estar subjetivo demonstrou ter sido prejudicado pela pandemia da Covid-19 e cuidados de saúde mental devem ser ampliados no sistema de saúde.

Objective: to identify the level of subjective well-being and associated factors in residents of the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan region during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: this cross-sectional study of a sample of 143 residents of the region was conducted from January to May 2021. The electronic, self-administered questionnaire comprised the five items of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index. Analysis was by Mann-Whitney, Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests (p-value ˂ 0.05). Results: overall, the sample scored 51.1 in subjective well-being; men scored lower (46.04) than women (53.42). Well-being showed a statistical association with illness from COVID-19; residence in the Baixada Fluminense; feelings of boredom, frustration, annoyance, anguish, loneliness and nervousness during social isolation; and risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 on alternative transport. Conclusion: subjective well-being seems to have been harmed by the Covid-19 pandemic, and mental health care must be expanded in the health system.

Objetivo: identificar el nivel de bienestar subjetivo y sus factores asociados en residentes de la región metropolitana de Río de Janeiro durante la pandemia del COVID-19. Método: estudio transversal, con una muestra de 143 residentes en esta región, de enero a mayo de 2021. Los cinco ítems del Índice de Bienestar OMS-5 formaron parte del cuestionario electrónico autoadministrado. El análisis se hizo por las pruebas de Mann-Whitney, Chi-cuadrado y la prueba Exacta de Fisher, p-valor˂0.05. Resultados: la puntuación de bienestar subjetivo de la muestra fue de 51,1, siendo menor en los hombres (46,04) que en las mujeres (53,42). El bienestar mostró una asociación estadística con la enfermedad por COVID-19; residencia en Baixada Fluminense; sentimientos de aburrimiento, frustración, molestia, angustia, soledad y nerviosismo durante el aislamiento social; y riesgo de exposición al SARS-CoV-2 en transporte alternativo. Conclusión: el bienestar subjetivo parece haber sido perjudicado por la pandemia de Covid-19 y la atención a la salud mental debe ser ampliada en el sistema de salud.

Afrontando la incertidumbre en pandemia: construyendo paz desde la prosocialidad

El estudio de la construcción de paz desde una postura con base en los comportamientos prosociales es un área nueva en la investigación psicosocial en Bolivia, mucho más si se tiene la intención de rescatar y resaltar la presencia de salud psicológica comunitaria aun en una época caracterizada por una poderosa incertidumbre producto de la combinación de dos factores: la inestabilidad y violencia política sumada a la presencia de la pandemia Covid-19 y la emergencia sanitaria derivada de ella. En esta investigación han participado 400 adultos jóvenes de entre 20 y 30 años de edad (162 varones y 268 mujeres de las ciudades de La Paz - 255 participantes - y El Alto - 155 participantes) con el objetivo de describir la relación entre tipos específicos de respuesta a la incertidumbre (político-económica y sanitaria) y conductas prosociales asociadas a ella durante la pandemia Covid-19. Se ha encontrado una correlación positiva significativa entre la presencia de Prosocialidad y la Respuesta a la Incertidumbre, implicándose la posibilidad de comportamientos de construcción de paz como mecanismos de adaptación a la misma. También se ha establecido que existe igualdad en un grado amplio con respecto a la magnitud de comportamientos prosociales entre La Paz y El Alto y que en las zonas donde se han registrado más casos positivos también se ha encontrado una mayor presencia de prosocialidad en especial en la ciudad de La Paz, existiendo, finalmente, ciertas diferencias específicas entre varones y mujeres en cuanto a la ejecución y orientación de comportamientos prosociales in-pandemia.

Peacebuilding studies from a prosociality stance is a new area in psychosocial research in Bolivia, even more if there is an academic marked intention to rescue and highlight the presence of psychological communal health, in a time characterized by a powerful uncertainty derived from the combination of two unfortunate factors: political violence and instability coupled with the presence of the Covid-19 pandemic and the subsequent sanitary emergency and social stress. In this research, 400 young adults have participated, all of them among 20 to 30 years old (162 men and 268 women) from La Paz and El Alto cities, with the objective of describing the relationship between specific mechanisms to face uncertainty and the possible presence of associated prosocial behaviors in 2020 and 2021. A positive, significant correlation was found between prosociality and effective uncertainty-facing mechanisms, implying the possibility to execute peacebuilding conducts as a way to adapt to the pandemic. It has also been established that there is a great degree of similitude in regards to effective prosocial behaviors in La Paz and in El Alto cities, that in the zones where a greater number of positive cases was found, there was also a larger presence of prosociality, especially in La Paz, and that there are detailed executional differences between men and women in terms of prosocial in-pandemic behavior.

O estudo da construção da paz a partir de uma posição baseada em comportamentos pró-sociais é uma nova área na pesquisa psicossocial na Bolívia, muito mais se a intenção é resgatar e destacar a presença de saúde psicológica comunitária mesmo em uma época caracterizada por um poderoso produto da incerteza do combinação de dois fatores: instabilidade e violência política somadas à presença da pandemia Covid-19 e a emergência de saúde derivada dela. 400 jovens adultos entre 20 e 30 anos (162 homens e 268 mulheres das cidades de La Paz - 255 participantes - e El Alto - 155 participantes) participaram desta pesquisa com o objetivo de descrever a relação entre tipos específicos de resposta à incerteza (político-econômica e de saúde) e aos comportamentos pró-sociais associados a ela durante a pandemia de Covid-19. Encontrou-se uma correlação positiva significativa entre a presença da Prosocialidade e a Resposta à Incerteza, implicando na possibilidade de comportamentos de construção da paz como mecanismos de adaptação a ela. Também foi estabelecido que existe uma grande igualdade com respeito à magnitude do comportamento pró-social entre La Paz e El Alto e que nas áreas onde mais casos positivos foram registrados, uma maior presença de pró-socialidade também foi encontrada. especialmente na cidade de La Paz, havendo, finalmente, certas diferenças específicas entre homens e mulheres quanto à execução e orientação de comportamentos pró-sociais em situação de pandemia.

Burnout syndrome and workplace violence among nursing staff: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Among healthcare professionals, nursing workers are the most prone to becoming victims of workplace violence and present the highest burnout levels. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between burnout syndrome and workplace violence among nursing workers. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study carried out at a teaching hospital in southern Brazil. METHODS: This study involved 242 nursing workers. We collected data over a six-month period using a sociodemographic and occupational survey, the Survey Questionnaire Workplace Violence in the Health Sector and the Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey. For occupational violence, we selected the Survey Questionnaire Workplace Violence in the Health Sector. Burnout syndrome was evaluated using the Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey. The data were analyzed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Categorical variables were described as absolute and relative frequencies and numerical variables in terms of central trend and dispersion measurements. For data analysis, we applied descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: The multiple models indicated that the workers who had experienced verbal abuse, physical violence and concern about workplace violence over the past 12 months had significantly higher chances of presenting high emotional exhaustion (P < 0.05) and depersonalization (P < 0.05) and low professional accomplishment (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Occurrence of violence significantly increased the chances of great emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and low professional achievement, within burnout syndrome. Therefore, workplace violence prevention strategies need to be put in place to provide workers with a safe workplace in which to conduct their activities.

Analysis on related influencing factors and psychological behavior of boys with overactive bladder / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of overactive bladder (OAB) in Chinese boys and risk factors, and to evaluate the psychological and behavioral status of OAB patients.Methods:Cross-sectional study.From October 2020 to July 2021, 2 800 boys aged 6-15 years from 6 primary and secondary schools in a county of Henan Province were selected by stratified random cluster sampling method.An anonymous questionnaire was used to investigate the epidemiological situation of OAB, including the basic information, lower urinary tract symptoms, Overactive Bladder Score Scale (OABSS) scores, pediatric sleep questionnaire (PSQ) and strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ). In addition, the correlation between OAB and residence, body mass index (BMI), nocturnal enuresis (NE), overuse of diapers, history of urinary tract infection, abnormal stool, phimosis, redundant prepuce, and concealed penis by Chi- square test, Logistic multivariate regression analysis, and t-test. Results:A total of 2 333 valid questionnaires were collected.The overall prevalence of OAB in boys was 6.0%(141/2 333 cases). NE, history of urinary tract infection, abnormal stool, overuse of diapers, phimosis, redundant prepuce, concealed penis were risk factors for OAB in boys ( OR>1, P<0.05), while BMI was not a risk factor for OAB in boys ( OR<1, P>0.05). The emotional symptoms[ (7.64±2.03) scores vs.(6.51±2.53) scores], conduct problems [(8.14±1.62) scores vs.(7.31±1.88) scores], hyperactivity[(5.64±2.27) scores vs.(4.98±2.03) scores], peer communication problems [(7.16±1.63) scores vs.(6.59±1.60) scores], difficulty scores[(30.26±6.48) scores vs.(27.69±6.44) scores] and PSQ scores [(5.36±3.00) scores vs.(3.94±2.53) scores] in OAB group were significantly higher than those of non-OAB group ( t=-5.117, -5.005, -3.310, -4.056, -4.553, -5.006, respectively, all P<0.05). Conclusions:OAB in boys is common and affects mental health and sleep quality.Meanwhile, NE, history of urinary tract infection, abnormal stool, overuse of diapers, phimosis, redundant prepuce, or concealed penis are the risk factors for OAB in boys.

Effects of short-term forest therapy on selected physical and mental health indicators of young healthy individuals / 环境与职业医学

Background The health effects of forest therapy have been widely recognized, while the previous studies mostly focused on a single activity mode of forest walks. The effects of different types of forest therapy activities remain unclear. Objective To explore the effects of short-term forest therapy on cardiopulmonary health, psychological health, and sleep quality, and the health effects of different types of forest therapy activities, aiming to provide population empirical study data for the development of forest therapy. Methods A self-control study was conducted in a national forest park in suburb of Beijing from August to September 2018. A total of 31 healthy college students were recruited as the study subjects, with a total forest stay for 3 days and 2 nights. During the period of study, each subject practiced walking therapy, sitting therapy with five senses experience (sitting therapy thereafter), and handmade work therapy, successively. Each type of forest therapy lasted about 2 h. Changes of blood pressure, oxygen saturation (SpO2), lung function, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were estimated by measuring corresponding indicators before and after the forest therapy. Psychological health and sleep quality were assessed by Profile of Mood States and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index respectively at the same time. Mixed effects models were used to analyze the changes of these health indicators. The health effects of different types of forest therapy activities were further analyzed. Results The average age and body mass index of subjects in this study were (24.5±2.6) years and (20.7±1.7) kg·m−2, respectively. After a short-term forest therapy, the selected indicators of cardiopulmonary health, psychological health, and sleep quality of subjects were all improved. In particular, the pulse pressure (PP) and FeNO decreased by 3.02 mmHg and 1.10 ppb, respectively, while the SpO2 and peak expiratory flow (PEF) increased by 0.65% and 0.50 L·s−1, respectively, and the negative emotion and global sleep quality also presented significant positive changes (all P<0.05). Furthermore, different therapy activities presented differential effects in the health indicators. Walking therapy significantly improved pulmonary function, SpO2, and confusion (CON) emotion, in which the SpO2, forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), and forced vital capacity (FVC) increased by 0.48%, 0.14 L, and 0.12 L, respectively, and the score of CON decreased by 0.97 (all P<0.05). Sitting therapy significantly reduced blood pressure and tension (TEN) emotion of subjects, including a decrease of the systolic blood pressure (4.45 mmHg), PP (4.19 mmHg), and the score of TEN (0.84) (all P<0.05). The diastolic blood pressure (DBP) increased slightly after handmade work therapy (ΔDBP=2.44 mmHg, P=0.016), but there were no significant changes in other indicators. Conclusion Short-term forest therapy could significantly improve cardiopulmonary health, psychological health, and sleep quality of young healthy individuals, and different types of forest therapy activities may have differential health effects.

Síndrome de agotamiento psicológico en personal de la salud durante la pandemia por COVID-19: revisión narrativa / Burnout syndrome in health personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic: narrative review / Síndrome de Burnout psicológico em trabalhadores da saúde durante a pandemia de COVID-19: revisão narrativa

Introducción: La pandemia por COVID-19 ha representado una alta carga laboral y emocional en los trabajadores de salud, lo cual se ha asociado con consecuencias negativas para la salud de estas personas, como el agotamiento psicológico (AP). Objetivo: Identificar en la producción de la literatura la prevalencia del síndrome de AP y sus factores asociados en el personal de salud en la pandemia por COVID-19. Metodología: Se llevó a cabo una revisión narrativa de la literatura en bases de datos electrónicas como Medline, Science Direct y LILACS para tres ejes temáticos: 1) AP en personal de la salud, 2) prevalencia del AP durante la pandemia por COVID-19 y 3) los factores asociados durante los años 2019 al 2021. Resultados: Diversos estudios evaluaron el AP en personal de salud durante la pandemia por COVID-19, con prevalencias desde el 8% hasta el 68%. Adicionalmente, los factores que se asociaron con una mayor prevalencia fueron tener mayor carga laboral, pocas horas de sueño, menor edad y trabajar en cuidados intensivos. Conclusiones: El personal de salud presentó prevalencias muy variadas del síndrome de AP en la pandemia por COVID-19, asociados a condiciones laborales y de formación clínica, que fueron los más representativos.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic represents a high work and emotional burden on health workers, which has been associated with negative consequences for the health of these people, such as psychological exhaustion. Objective: To identify in the production of literature, the prevalence of burnout syndrome and its associated factors in health personnel in the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: A narrative review of the literature was carried out in electronic databases such as Medline, Science Direct and LILACS for three thematic axes: (i) Burnout in health personnel, (ii) pre- valence of burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic, and (iii) the associated factors during the years 2019 to 2021. Results: Several studies evaluated burnout in health personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic, with prevalences from 8% to 68%. Additionally, the factors that were associated with a higher prevalence were having a higher workload, few hours of sleep, being younger, and working in intensive care. Conclusions: Health personnel presented very varied prevalences of burnout syndrome in the COVID-19 pandemic, associated with work conditions and clinical training were the most frequently associa- ted with a higher prevalence.

Introdução: A pandemia COVID-19 tem colocado um elevado trabalho e uma carga emocional sobre os trabalhadores da saúde, o que tem sido associado a consequências negativas para os trabalhadores da saúde, tais como o esgotamento psicológico (EP). Objetivo: Identificar na literatura a prevalência da síndrome de EP e os seus fatores associados nos trabalhadores da saúde na pandemia de COVID-19. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa da literatura em bases de dados electrónicas tais como Medline, Science Direct e LILACS para três eixos temáticos: 1) EP no pessoal de saúde, 2) pre- valência de EP durante a pandemia COVID-19 e 3) fatores associados durante os anos de 2019 a 2021. Resultados: Vários estudos avaliaram EP em trabalhadores da saúde durante a pandemia da COVID-19, com prevalências que vão de 8% a 68%. Além disso, os fatores associados a uma maior prevalência foram uma maior carga de trabalho, uma diminuição do sono, uma idade mais jovem e o trabalho em cuidados intensivos. Conclusões: Os trabalhadores da saúde tinham prevalências muito variadas da síndrome de EP na pandemia de COVID-19, associadas às condições de trabalho e à formação clínica, que eram as mais representativas.

Women's health anxiety and psychological wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic. A descriptive study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The rapid spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has led to extraordinary measures taken worldwide and has led to serious psychological disorders. With the measures taken, the difficulties in women's daily lives are increasing exponentially. This situation has caused women to experience more mental health problems. OBJECTIVE: To identify the relationship between women's health anxiety and psychological wellbeing and the factors affecting these situations during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN AND SETTING: Descriptive study conducted online among women living in Adana, Turkey. METHOD: This descriptive study was conducted among 623 married women between April 1 and April 20, 2020, using a SurveyMonkey online questionnaire. Data were collected using the link that was established. The questions comprised personal information, perceptions regarding the pandemic, the Health Anxiety Inventory (Short Form) and the Psychological Wellbeing Scale. RESULTS: The women who participated were found to have a high level of anxiety and a moderate level of psychological wellbeing. A positive, moderate-level relationship was found between the scales. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic has had negative effects on both physical and psychological health. Support for women, to be provided within their holistic understanding of care, is of great importance for maintaining the psychological health of society.

Repercusión del cambio climático en la salud psicológica / Repercussion of climate change on psychological health

RESUMEN Introducción: El medio ambiente propiciador del surgimiento y conservación de la especie humana, está amenazado por factores de diversa naturaleza, con mayor peso los de tipo antropogénico. Paradójicamente, el ser humano con su actividad económica-social constituye una amenaza a la conservación saludable del medio ambiente y su propia salud. Objetivo: describir la repercusión del cambio climático en la salud psicológica de las personas. Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de tipo exploratoria en el periodo de julio a agosto del 2020. Para ello se revisaron 32 bibliografías provenientes de las bases de datos Scielo, Pudmed y Medline, , disponibles en la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud y en el sitio web de la Organización Panamericana para la Salud y la Organización Mundial de la Salud, se hizo análisis y síntesis de los datos más relevantes, exponiendo además cirterios del autor según su experiencia de trabajo en desastres naturales. Resultados: se obtuvo que el cambio climático genera eventos que atentan directa o indirectamente sobre la salud humana, se identificó como la causa fundamental de este problema la actividad humana que provocan la contaminación del medio ambiente, generando desastres naturales, olas de calor, sequías prolongadas, lluvias, inundaciones y migraciones como fenómeno asociado; causando ansiedad, depresión, estrés y otros daños psicológicos. Conclusiones: se concluye que el cambio climático incide sobre la salud psicológica humana y por ello se precisan medidas inmediatas para su mitigación.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the environment, which fosters the emergence and conservation of the human species, is threatened by factors of diverse nature, but with greater weight those of an anthropogenic type. Paradoxically, the human being with his economic-social activity constitutes a threat to the healthy conservation of the environment and the human being's own health. Objective: to describe the impact of climate change on the psychological health of people. Methods: an exploratory bibliographic review was carried out in the period from July to August 2020. For this, 32 bibliographies from the Scielo, Pudmed and Medline databases were reviewed, available in the Virtual Health Library and on the website of the Pan American Health Organization and the World Health Organization, a synthesis and analysis of the most relevant data was made, also exposing the author's criteria according to his work experience in natural disasters. Results: it was obtained that climate change generates events that directly or indirectly affect human health, the fundamental cause of this problem was identified as human activity that causes pollution of the environment, generating natural disasters, heat waves, prolonged droughts, rains, floods and migrations as an associated phenomenon; causing anxiety, depression, stress and other psychological damage. Conclusions: it is concluded that climate change affects human psychological health and therefore immediate measures are needed to mitigate it.

Measurement and assessment of psychological pain / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Psychological pain is a subjective experience, mainly from the psychological needs of frustration. It is characterized by the perception of negative changes in self and its functions, accompanied by strong negative emotions. Psychological pain is often associated with the decline of mental health, which is considered to be the core of the suicide process. A higher level of psychological pain is closely related to suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior. Therefore, the measurement and evaluation of psychological pain plays an important role in outpatient screening, clinical treatment and crisis intervention. In order to improve the recognition of psychological pain and the accuracy of suicide risk prediction, after more than 20 years of application and development, more than 10 methods of measuring psychological pain can be included in clinical risk assessment. The traditional assessment methods are mostly based on Shneidman ’s definition of psychological pain and suicide theory, which are used to measure the intensity and frequency of psychological pain. In recent years, the development of suicide model and theory provides a new perspective and theoretical basis for the assessment of psychological pain. The latest assessment methods tend to be shorter and more convenient, or present the specific clinical characteristics of psychological pain. In addition, thematic apperception test, visual analogue scale, pictorial representation of illness and self measure and structured interview make up for the limitations of self-report. In the future, the assessment can be further combined with neurobiology, mobile internet and other means, while considering the application in diverse environments such as special populations and cross-cultural groups.

Investigação das alterações emocionais e comportamentais de universitários iniciantes em Medicina e Enfermagem / Investigation of emotional and behavioral changes in undergraduate medical and nursing students

A saúde mental pode ser definida como estado de bem-estar geral, no qual o indivíduo consegue realizar suas habilidades, enfrentar o estresse diário, ser produtivo e contribuir socialmente, o rompimento desses fatores pode ocasionar no adoecimento psicológico e psiquiátrico. Nesse sentido, ressaltam-se as variáveis ambientais e comportamentais responsáveis pela saúde dos acadêmicos da área da saúde. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a saúde mental de universitários iniciantes dos cursos de medicina e enfermagem de uma universidade particular, a partir de aspectos emocionais e comportamentais. Aplicou-se um questionário, elaborado pelas autoras, em 136 estudantes do primeiro ano, sendo 89 de medicina e 47 de enfermagem. A partir dos resultados, foi possível identificar a predominância do sexo feminino na amostra e entre a faixa etária de 17 a 22 anos, também se verificou que 28 estudantes do total receberam algum diagnóstico psicológico ou psiquiátrico ao longo do primeiro ano. Com relação ao estresse percebido, os estudantes apresentaram índices considerados como estresse médio em tal percepção, o que do ponto de vista da saúde é preocupante, visto que os mesmos tem uma trajetória academia extensa até a conclusão do curso, podendo aumentar tais níveis. Mediante o exposto, concluiu-se que o adoecimento entre universitários é uma realidade atual e traz consigo consequências que podem ser estendidas, para tal, é notória a importância de maiores pesquisas em tal temática, bem como de ações por parte das instituições de ensino, visando suporte, em especial do ponto de vista psicológico a fim de promover um ambiente reforçador para o estudo e preparação para o mercado de trabalho.

Mental health can be defined as a state of general well-being, in which the individual is able to perform his / her abilities, face daily stress, be productive and contribute socially, the disruption of these factors can cause psychological and psychiatric illness. In this sense, the environmental and behavioral variables responsible for the health of health students are highlighted. The present study aimed to investigate the mental health of university students beginning medical and nursing courses at a private university, based on emotional and behavioral aspects. A questionnaire, prepared by the authors, was applied to 136 first-year students, 89 of whom were medical and 47 who were nursing. From the results, it was possible to identify the predominance of females in the sample and among the age group of 17 to 22 years, it was also found that 28 students of the total received some psychological or psychiatric diagnosis during the first year. Regarding the perceived stress, the students presented indices considered as average stress in such perception, which from the health point of view is worrying, since they have an extensive academic trajectory until the conclusion of the course, which may increase such levels. Based on the above, it was concluded that illness among university students is a current reality and brings with it consequences that can be extended. For this, it is clear the importance of further research on this topic, as well as actions by educational institutions, seeking support, especially from a psychological point of view in order to promote a reinforcing environment for the study and preparation for the job market.

Socio-Psychological Aspects of HIV Infection Prevention among First-Year University Students as a Health-Saving Factor

The purpose of the study is to check the HIV awareness of the first-year university students in Melitopol, Ukraineexperimentally to substantiate its importance (particularly about the way of its transmission and prevention) as ahealth-preserving factor. The study was conducted among the first-year university students in Melitopol, Ukraine.A total of 163 students (42 male and 121 female) participated in the survey in order to ascertain the students’ HIVawareness and develop particular methods of filling the gaps in their knowledge about HIV/AIDS, as well aspromote preventive measures against HIV spread in Ukraine. A questionnaire was developed for the survey, andit consisted of two blocks: the first one contained the questions concerning the students’ HIV awareness; thesecond block was aimed at determining the sources of information from which the students received knowledgeabout HIV. The results of the survey demonstrated that the students have low HIV awareness that can lead to HIVinfection. It has been found out that educational activities at universities and schools are the most effective meansof HIV awareness formation and HIV infection prevention among youth (37.4%). Formation of preventiveprograms should be aimed at reducing the risk behaviour of young people. The existence of a correlation betweenthe level of awareness and the probability of HIV infection has been revealed. It was found out that educationalactivities on HIV/AIDS should be understood as a set of timely provided knowledge about the ways of HIVinfection and methods of its prevention. It was proved that the acquired knowledge influences the first-yearstudents inner motivation to change behaviour which is a health saving factor

Psychological Adjustment During Outbreak of COVID-19 Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine Emotion Therapy / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The outbreak of corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) not only endangers the public life and health, but also poses threats to the public mental health. Under the atmosphere of tension and fear, the public often produces adverse emotional reactions to psychological stress, and even has extreme behaviors, which seriously affects physical and mental health. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） emotional therapy is based on the TCM consciousness theory in adherence to the holistic view of "integration of mind and body". It adopts safe and effective emotional conditioning methods to regulate mood, eliminate bad emotions, maintain mental health, and enhance the body's immunity to achieve the effect of treating or preventing physical and mental diseases. It has differentiated applications in many medical fields, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, cancer and hospice, with good clinical efficacy. By analyzing the theoretical origin, research status, application range of TCM sentiment therapy, as well as the current public psychological state of the COVID-19 epidemic, we innovatively proposed TCM sentiment therapies, such as calm emotion method, diversion of attention method, suggestive induction method, obedient mind method, music delight method, TCM refreshing method and auricular pressing method, and comprehensively applied them in the public psychological adjustment during the outbreak, with the aim to provide rational and effective psychological guidance, help the public to correctly understand various bad emotions during the outbreak, enhance their abilities to cope with it and adjust psychological problems, maintain a good mentality, and pass the epidemic period smoothly. At the same time, in order to make better use of the advantages of TCM sentiment therapy and benefit the public, it is advocated to widely apply TCM sentiment therapy in similar public health events and public psychological care in the daily life, for the purpose of preventing before disease outset and preventing progress of disease, and effectively protecting the physical and mental health of the people.

Impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic on the psychological health of women on fertility treatment / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To investigate the psychological health and influencing factors of women on assisted reproduction treatment during the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted on 599 women undergoing fertility treatment at the Assisted Reproductive Center of Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital. The basic demographic characteristics and fertility treatment progress of the patients were collected. The psychosocial questionnaire of emergency public health events was used to evaluate the psychological health status of women receiving assisted reproduction treatment during the epidemic. Nonparametric test was used to compare the psychological health status in different groups during the epidemic. Univariate and multivariate analyses of fear dimension and total scores were performed using the generalized linear model. Results: The women were mainly aged between 30 and 35 years old, and the type of assisted reproduction was mainly IVF. During the epidemic, the score of the fear dimension was the highest in the psychological health evaluation of fertility treatment women, with a median value of 0.83. The score of the fear dimension was different among women with different education level, occupation, residence and family monthly income (P<0.001, P=0.049, P=0.001, P<0.001). Women who had higher education level (professionals) and higher family income, and lived in cities had higher scores of the fear dimension. The total scores were different between women of different occupations and places of residence (P=0.047, P=0.010). The total scores of professionals and urban residents were higher. College education or above (β=0.23, 95% CI: 0.07-0.39), urban residence (β=0.12, 95% CI: 0.01-0.24), and higher family income (5 000-9 999 yuan, β=0.19, 95% CI: 0.05-0.34; ≥10 000 yuan, β=0.20, 95% CI: 0.03-0.37) increased the scores of the fear dimension of women receiving fertility treatment. Conclusion: The psychological status of women on fertility treatment during the epidemic of the COVID-19 is mainly manifested as fear. The fear of these urban women with high education level and good family economy is the most serious. Promotion of psychological health during the epidemic should be strengthened to reduce the psychological harm of the epidemic.

Necesidades de acceso a servicios institucionales de familias con hijos con discapacidad intelectual / Needs for access to institutional services of families with children with intellectual disability

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación de enfoque cuantitativo y diseño descriptivo transversal que tiene como propósito identificar el nivel de acceso a los servicios que ofrecen las instituciones gubernamentales y privadas a las familias de niños en condición de discapacidad intelectual. Para dicho fin se contó con la participación de 82 familias de las ciudades de Bogotá D.C., Cali y Putumayo, 16 papás y 66 mamás a cargo de 54 niños y 28 niñas con edades entre dosy 17 años, a quienesse les aplicó el instrumento de FNA versión Colombia,y se corrió un análisis de varianza (ANOVA). Los resultados muestran,como la necesidad más alta, los servicios educativos para los hijos y,como la más baja, la comprensión familiar dentro de las creencias espirituales. Así mismo se observan diferencias 1) por sexo: las familias con niños (M=3,46) presentan más necesidades que las familias con niñas (M=3,10), y 2) por edad en dos grupos: el primero con resultados más altos entre los dosy los10 años,y el segundo,de 11 a 17 años,muestra que las familias con hijos adolescentes (M=3,60) manifiestanmayor necesidad de acceso a servicios que las familias con niños y niñas (M=3,23).

This article presents the results of an investigation with a quantitative focus and descriptive cross-sectional design. It has such as purpose to identify the level of access to services offered by the government and private institutions to families of children in the intellectual disability condition. It was attended by 82 families from the cities of Bogotá D.C, Cali andPutumayo, 16 dads and 66 moms in charge of 54 children and 28 girls aged between twoand 17 years. In this was applied the instrument of FNA Colombia version and ran an analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results show the highest need for educational services for children and as a lower family understanding within spiritual beliefs. Likewise differences 1) by sex: Families with children (M=3,46) have more needs than families with girls (M=3,10), and 2) by age in two groups: the first with higher results between twoand 10 years, and the second from 11 to 17 years shows that families with a childs adolescents (M=3,60) have a greater need for access to services than families with children (M=3,99).